白彦砾岩的形成时代及砾石组构特征分析     

王照波  刘安同  王庆军 《山东地质》2012,(1):14-19

通过对白彦砾岩中孢粉取样鉴定及其砾石组构的统计研究,孢粉组合特征显示其形成时代为中侏罗世,并非通常认为的古近纪。砾石组构特征显示为湖滨相或海滨相成因,砾岩中金刚石特征显示出与蒙阴常马金刚石原生矿的相似性。综合分析认为,白彦砾岩形成于中侏罗世鲁西地区单断拉分盆地诞生之前,应为三台组沉积之前的沉积物。白彦砾岩沉积时代的确定,对恢复该区岩相古地理、确定金刚石原生矿的剥蚀与搬运等都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

川北地区下三叠统飞仙关组优质鲕滩储层成岩演化序列     

侯振学  王兴志  宋光建  李军龙  胡占群 《海相油气地质》2012,(3):18-24

早三叠世飞仙关期,川北地区为台地与海槽相间的沉积格局,在两者的转换地带,发育了大套台地边缘碳酸盐鲕粒滩。该套储层经历的破坏性成岩作用类型主要有压实、压溶作用和胶结作用,建设性成岩作用主要有泥晶化作用、新生变形及重结晶作用、白云石化作用和溶蚀作用。讨论了各种成岩作用的主要特征及对储层的影响。结合成岩阶段划分,建立了该储层的成岩序列。胶结作用可分为三期,对储层的破坏作用非常强,尤其是第二期胶结作用以后,残存下来的孔隙降至5%左右。白云石化作用主要有混合水白云石化和埋藏白云石化,它不仅将岩石孔隙度提高了5%左右,更重要的是在白云岩中形成了较多的晶间孔,为后期埋藏溶蚀作用创造了施展空间。埋藏溶蚀作用使白云岩中的晶间孔溶蚀扩大,形成晶间溶孔,这是优质白云岩储层形成的必要条件,它可将孔隙度再提高5%～20%左右。  相似文献   

渤海湾西岸的几道贝壳堤   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

岳军  Dong yue  张宝华  耿秀山  刘雪松  赵希涛  牟林  张百鸣  韩芳 《地质学报》2012,86(3):522-534

渤海湾西岸出露或埋藏了多道贝壳堤,通过地质调查发现:贝壳堤的平面分布结构是沿着(或随着)渤海湾海岸由老至新(从岸—海)与海岸呈大致平行排列。贝壳堤的划分方案有两种,一种是从新至老,另一种是从老至新,本文采取后一种划分方法:即第Ⅰ道(老)—第Ⅵ道(新)贝壳堤。本文对每道贝壳堤的物质(岩性特征)组成与堆积特征进行了描述(图2～图7);对贝壳堤的几何形态特征进行了数理统计(表2);对贝壳堤形成的年代特征进行了对比分析(表3);对贝壳堤的生物组合特征等资料进行了归纳和整理;对贝壳堤的分道方案进行了对比分析(表1),揭示了贝壳堤的赋存状态、形成的年代及第Ⅰ道—第Ⅵ道贝壳堤所处的潮位变化(图8)。以形成贝壳堤这一独特的地质载体为基础,试图从渤海湾宏观整体的角度分析并揭示贝壳堤的成因机制(表4,图9),笔者认为广义的渤海湾是内陆的半泻湖(海),也可以视为局部海:山东庙岛列岛—辽东半岛构成了渤海的障壁海岸,在障壁海岸这样的自然地理和地貌条件下,通过大量的资料综合分析认为只有障壁海岸才是形成"科珀河型三角洲与喙状三角洲"的必然条件,而"科珀河型三角洲与喙状三角洲类型"等是形成障壁砂坝(障壁岛,障壁滩)—贝壳堤的或然条件,这就是贝壳堤成因的主要机制。  相似文献   

Vegetation dynamics on eroding to accreting beach‐foredune systems,Florida panhandle     

Michael C. A. Bitton  Patrick A. Hesp 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(12):1472-1480

Vegetation surveys were conducted on a variety of coastal foredunes in a largely natural region along the Gulf County region of the Florida panhandle. Species presence, absence and percentage cover were surveyed on 12 foredune profiles during different seasons. The vegetation data were analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index and Sørensen Index. Uniola sp. and Andropgon sp. were the dominant species on foredunes. Uniola sp. was found predominantly on the gulfward facing or stoss slopes, and Andropgon sp. was found to be dominant on the inland or lee slopes of foredunes. While they are present on all foredunes, their presence and percentage cover are dominant on rapidly prograding coasts. Prograding/accretional beaches had higher Sørensen Index values (i.e. higher similarities) than did the foredune‐vegetation profiles on eroding beaches. Diversity as indicated by the Shannon–Wiener analysis (H’) is greatest on the highest, and generally eroding dunes. Foredune diversity increased with foredune height, and the tallest foredunes were found on shorelines with relatively low erosion rates, where dunes were slowly translating landwards, cannibalizing older dunes, and moving into areas colonized by late successional species, such as Quercus sp. These observations of foredune species richness, diversity, profile similarities, and the use of ecological indices can provide excellent proxy evidence of shoreline dynamics, and in particular the degree of beach erosion and accretion, in the absence of historical erosion/accretion data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effect of changes in fine‐grained matrix on bedload sediment transport in a gravel‐bed river     

Ronel Barzilai  Jonathan B. Laronne  Ian Reid 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(5):441-448

While clay and silt matrices of gravel‐bed rivers have received attention from ecologists concerned variously with the deteriorating environments of benthic and hyporheic organisms, their impact on sediment entrainment and transport has been explored less. A recent increase of such a matrix in the bed of Nahal Eshtemoa, an ephemeral river of the northern Negev, has more than doubled the boundary shear stress needed to initiate bedload, from 7 N m^‐2 (τ^* = 0.027) during the flash floods of 1991–2001 to 15 N m^‐2 (τ^* = 0.059) during those of 2008–2009. The relation between bedload flux and boundary shear stress continues to be well‐defined, but it is displaced. The matrix now contains a significant amount of silt and clay size material. The reasons for the increased entrainment threshold of bedload are explored. Large‐scale laser scanning of the dry bed reveals a reduction in grain‐scale morphological roughness, while artificial in situ tests of matrix integrity indicate considerable cohesion. The implications for adopting bed material sampling strategies that account for matrix development are assessed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

我国硬式护岸、渔港工程和人工岛等3类典型海岸工程对相邻海滩的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黎奕宏  雷刚  蔡锋  戚洪帅  朱君 《应用海洋学学报》2019,38(1):118-125

我国硬式护岸、渔港工程和人工岛等3类典型海岸工程对相邻海滩有显著影响.本研究以泉州青山湾护岸、泉州崇武中心渔港、海口南海明珠人工岛等建设前后海滩变化为例,开展对海滩岸线形态及部分典型剖面形态的对比分析.结果表明,临海硬式护岸岸前海滩发生明显下蚀,护岸下游海滩岸线侵蚀后退,发育侵蚀热点,剖面伴有下蚀;渔港工程拦沙堤附近岸线局部淤涨,下游海滩岸线大范围侵蚀后退,出现侵蚀热点,侵蚀热点处剖面明显下蚀;人工岛后波影区内海滩淤积,形成沙岬或连岛沙坝突出体,突出体两侧岸线均发生不同程度侵蚀后退.通过分析典型工程案例,探讨了3类海岸工程对相邻海滩的影响方式、影响尺度和原因,对比分析不同类型海岸工程对相邻海滩的负面影响,可为海岸工程建设管理和海滩保护提供参考.  相似文献   

青藏高原夏季砾石与有机质对土壤水热影响的数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

陶星宇  吕世华  刘宜纲 《大气科学学报》2023,46(4):549-560

青藏高原(简称高原,下同)地形复杂,各个区域土壤条件差异较大,土壤砾石与有机质对土壤水热有较大的影响。本文使用耦合了CLM4.5的区域气候模式RegCM4.7,通过修改模式所用地表数据以及相应的土壤水热参数化方案,分别建立了砾石方案(test2)和砾石-有机质方案(test3)。模拟结果表明:test2较原方案(test1)对于高原西部的模拟效果提升明显,但对于高原东部的模拟效果欠佳。test3在test2的基础上,提升了高原中部与东部浅层土壤的模拟效果。test3的浅层土壤区域平均温度均方根误差从2.11 ℃下降到0.47 ℃,浅层土壤区域平均湿度均方根误差从0.05 mm³·mm^-3下降到0.01 mm³·mm^-3。同时,三种方案均能较好地模拟高原的地表温度。其中test3误差最小,区域平均的均方根误差从2.18 ℃下降到0.74 ℃,与再分析数据更加接近。  相似文献   

基于淤积量的崇明东滩促淤围垦合理性评价     

高宇  张涛  张婷婷  王思凯  宋超  庄平 《湿地科学与管理》2017,(1):4-8

精准围垦的生态预警研究,需要从较短的时间尺度上和较集中的空间尺度上及时精准地监测滩涂的淤积量和淤积位置,这是滩涂围垦工程规划和实施的参考依据。以崇明东滩为例,结合滩涂湿地淤积量的直接测定和滩涂微地貌调查,尝试基于淤积量长期累积的相对高程评价促淤围垦的合理性。淤积量的测定结果表明:1微地形下的植被群落分带差异大到足以掩盖高程逐渐下降的梯度趋势;2潮间带和高潮滩的年均淤积速度均不足1 cm,而低潮滩的年均淤积速度达到了7 cm左右;3微地貌高程与淤积量之间呈极显著的负相关关系,呈现出两种不同的淤积机制。在此基础上,对目前以"生物促淤+物理围垦"的模式治理互花米草外来种入侵的促淤围垦进行了评价:1在快速淤涨的崇明东滩湿地中,生态系统工程师效应起着重要作用;2尽管在本研究实验区的围垦边界高程选择是合理的,但在实验区以外的围垦边界高程甚至延展到了0 m线以下,这是滩涂湿地过度围垦的直接证据之一;3与过去几次大围垦所不同的是,本次围垦范围选择的留一半、围一半的模式,一方面可以有效治理互花米草,另一方面可以预留足够的生态栖息地保留区。总之,淤积量的长期定点观测,为长江三角洲滩涂资源的动态管理和科学围垦提供了参考依据,可更客观地协调滩涂湿地保护和开发利用之间的矛盾。  相似文献   

淤泥质海床相邻的岬湾沙滩剖面特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄世昌  姚文伟  刘旭  吴创收 《海岸工程》2016,35(4):1-9

通过对浙江沿海岬角海湾沙滩多处典型剖面的调查,结果表明沙滩与淤泥质海床存在较明显的沙泥分界线,滩面物质自北至南,粒径差别不大,中值粒径在0.15~0.25mm之间,滩面基本呈现单一坡度,坡度为1∶15~1∶30,沙滩坡度与波浪动力相关,沙滩前沿波浪动力强,滩面较缓,反之滩面较陡。沙滩退化表现为滩面的截断、粗化和泥化,滩面截断导致沙滩面积减少,中、细沙供给不足;细沙采挖或局部工程导致的沿岸输沙动力条件的改变会使滩面物质变粗;岬湾的水动力条件减弱,易使沙泥分界线抬升,局部泥化;过度挖沙会导致沙滩消失成为泥滩。  相似文献   

Geotechnical Characteristics of Volcanic Beach Sands with Varying Iron Contents     

Hyunwook Choo  Jaewook Hwang  Youngmin Choi  Changho Lee 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(6):571-580

One of the distinguishing features of volcanic beach sand compared to typical silica sand can be found in its relatively high iron content; however, studies on the effect of iron content on the engineering properties of volcanic beach sand have been very limited until now. Consequently, this experimental investigation quantifies the effect of iron content on the engineering properties of Ulleung volcanic beach sands, including small strain stiffness, compressibility, friction angle, and cone tip resistance. Various geotechnical experiments were performed, and test results demonstrate that the small strain stiffness increases with an increase in iron content because of the increased interparticle contact stiffness. In addition, the elastic deformation of soil particles decreases with an increase in iron content because of the greater elastic modulus of iron compared to that of silica. In contrast, the effects of iron content on the intermediate strain constrained modulus and on the large strain friction angle are insignificant, and these properties are mainly determined by state variables. The relationship between the stress-normalized cone tip resistance and the state parameter of tested Ulleung sand is very similar to that on silica sands, reflecting that the effect of iron contents on the cone tip resistance is minimal.  相似文献